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The term wireless communication was introduced in the 19th century and wireless communication technology has developed over the subsequent years. It is one of the most important mediums of transmission of information from one device to other devices. In this technology, the information can be transmitted through the air without requiring any cable or wires or other electronic conductors, by using electromagnetic waves like IR, RF, satellite, etc.
In the present days, the wireless communication technology refers to a variety of wireless communication devices and technologies ranging from smart phones to computers, tabs, laptops, printers. This article gives an overview of wireless communication and types of wireless communications. Types of Wireless Communciation Introduction To Wireless Communication In the present days, wireless communication system has become an essential part of various types of wireless communication devices, that permits user to communicate even from remote operated areas. There are many devices used for wireless communication like mobiles. Cordless telephones, GPS, Wi-Fi, satellite television and wireless computer parts. Current wireless phones include 3 and 4G networks, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies.
Types of Wireless Communication The different types of wireless communication mainly include, IR wireless communication, satellite communication, broadcast radio, Microwave radio, Bluetooth, Zigbee etc. Satellite Communication Satellite communication is one type of self contained wireless communication technology, it is widely spread all over the world to allow users to stay connected almost anywhere on the earth. When the signal (a beam of modulated microwave) is sent near the satellite then, satellite amplifies the signal and sent it back to the antenna receiver which is located on the surface of the earth. Satellite communication contains two main components like the space segment and the ground segment.The ground segment consists of fixed or mobile transmission, reception and ancillary equipment and the space segment, which mainly is the satellite itself. Satellite Communciaiton Infrared Communication communicates information in a device or systems through IR radiation.
IR is electromagnetic energy at a wavelength that is longer than that of red light. It is used for security control, TV remote control and short range communications. In the electromagnetic spectrum, IR radiation lies between microwaves and visible light. So, they can be used as a source of communication.
Infrared Communication For a successful infrared communication, a photo LED transmitter and a photo diode receptor are required. The LED transmitter transmits the IR signal in the form of non visible light, that is captured and saved by the photoreceptor. So the information between the source and the target is transferred in this way.
4 Chapter 1 • Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems 1.2 Mobile Radiotelephony in the U.S. In 1946, the first public mobile telephone service was introduced in twenty-five major American cities. Each system used a single, high-powered transmitter and large tower in order to cover dis-tances of over 50 km in a particular market.
The source and destination can be mobile phones, TVs, security systems, laptops etc supports wireless communication. Broadcast Radio The first wireless communication technology is the open radio communication to seek out widespread use, and it still serves a purpose nowadays. Handy multichannel radios permit a user to speak over short distances, whereas citizen’s band and maritime radios offer communication services for sailors. Ham radio enthusiasts share data and function emergency communication aids throughout disasters with their powerful broadcasting gear, and can even communicate digital information over the radio frequency spectrum.
Broadcast Radio Mostly an audio broadcasting service, radio broadcasts sound through the air as radio waves. Radio uses a transmitter which is used to transmit the data in the form of radio waves to a receiving antenna. To broadcast common programming, stations are associated with the radio N/W’s. The broadcast happens either in simulcast or syndication or both. Radio broadcasting may be done via cable FM, the net and satellites. A broadcast sends information over long distances at up to two megabits/Sec (AM/FM Radio). Radio waves are electromagnetic signals, that are transmitted by an antenna.These waves have completely different frequency segments, and you will be ready to obtain an audio signal by changing into a frequency segment.
Radio For example, you can take a radio station. When the RJ says you are listening to 92.7 BIG FM, what he really means is that signals are being broadcasted at a frequency of 92.7megahertz, that successively means the transmitter at the station is periodic at a frequency of 92.700,000 Cycles/second. When you would like to listen to 92.7 BIG FM, all you have to do is tune the radio to just accept that specific frequency and you will receive perfect audio reception. Microwave Communication is an effective type of communication, mainly this transmission uses radio waves, and the wavelengths of radio waves are measured in centimeters.
In this communication, the data or information can be transfers using two methods. One is satellite method and another one is terrestrial method. Microwave Communication Wherein satellite method, the data can be transmitted though a satellite, that orbit 22,300 miles above the earth. Stations on the earth send and receive data signals from the satellite with a frequency ranging from 11GHz-14GHz and with a transmission speed of 1Mbps to 10Mbps.
In terrestrial method, in which two microwave towers with a clear line of sight between them are used, ensuring no obstacles to disrupt the line of sight. So it is used often for the purpose of privacy. The frequency range of the terrestrial system is typically 4GHz-6GHz and with a transmission speed is usually 1Mbps to 10Mbps. The main disadvantage of microwave signals is, they can be affected by bad weather, especially rain.
Wi-Fi, that is used by various electronic devices like smart phones, laptops, etc.In this setup, a router works as a communication hub wirelessly. These networks allow users to connect only within close proximity to a router. WiFi is very common in networking applications which affords portability wirelessly.
These networks need to be protected with passwords for the purpose of security, otherwise it will access by others Wi-Fi Communication Mobile Communication Systems The advancement of mobile networks is enumerated by generations. Many users communicate across a single frequency band through mobile phones.
Cellular and cordless phones are two examples of devices which make use of wireless signals. Typically, cell phones have a larger range of networks to provide a coverage.But, Cordless phones have a limited range. Similar to GPS devices, some phones make use of signals from satellites to communicate. Mobile Communication Systems Bluetooth Technology The main function of the Bluetooth technology is that permits you to connect a various electronic devices wirelessly to a system for the transferring of data.Cell phones are connected to hands free earphones, mouse, wireless keyboard.
By using Bluetooth device the information from one device to another device. This technology has various functions and it is used commonly in the wireless communication market. Bluetooth Technology Advantages of Wireless Communication. Any data or information can be transmitted faster and with a high speed. Maintenance and installation is less cost for these networks. The internet can be accessed from anywhere wirelessly.
It is very helpful for workers, doctors working in remote areas as they can be in touch with medical centers. Disadvantages of Wireless Communication. An unauthorized person can easily capture the wireless signals which spread through the air.
It is very important to secure the wireless network so that the information cannot be misused by unauthorized users Applications of Wireless Communication Applications of wireless communication involve security systems, television remote control, Wi-Fi, Cell phones, computer interface devices and various wireless. Wireless Communication Based Projects mainly include different technologies like Bluetooth, GPS, GSM, RFID and Zigbee projects which are listed below.
In 1897 Gugliemo Marconi was the first to demonstrate that it was possible to establish a continuous communication stream with the ships that were sailing in the English Channel, by means of radio waves. Since then, the wireless technologies that make “on-the-move” communication possible for us have evolved remarkably. Today, facilitated by RF circuit fabrication and digital switching techniques, affordable high speed telecommunication has been largely deployed across the world. We know, communication means transfer of information from source to recipient. In traditional telephony, when source and recipient were located in long distance, this transfer used to happen by connecting source and recipient physically through conducting wires, which would carry information in the form of electrical signals. Now, what is Wireless Communication?
Any transfer of information between points that do not have a physical connection, like wire or cable connection, would be WIRELESS COMMUNICATION. Therefore, when you talk to your friend sitting beside you, technically wouldn’t you be communicating wirelessly? But since we are Engineers, let us leave aside such naive cases and have some qualitative examples of wireless communication systems. Examples of wireless communication:. Short Distance - TV controlled by remote. Long Distance - Space Radio Communication Components of a Communication System The source is the originating point of the information that is to be conveyed.
This information could be voice, text, picture, packet data etc. Usually, this message is encoded upon a carrier or a medium called the Baseband signal. The baseband signal carries no information on its own, but before reaching the transmitter, the information to be sent is added to it. The transmitter then sends out the message into the communication channel. The channel is a medium through which the transmitter output is sent to the recipient.
This in the wired system could be a wire, a coaxial cable, or an optical fiber. In wireless systems these are generally waves like IR or radio. At the other end of the channel would be the receiver. It would extract the information from the incoming signal received, by subtracting the baseband signal from it. The receiver output is the information that had come from the source, and this can be directed to the recipient.
Cellular Communication Cellular Mobile Communication systems are wireless systems that divide a given geographical area into cells and use a large number of transmitters to communicate wirelessly within those cells. They provide mobility to the user within the cell, and when he/she moves from one cell to another, a ‘hand-off’ mechanism takes care of continuous connectivity.
Therefore cellular communication ensures connectivity with a single network over a large geographical area. Evolution of Cellular Radio Communication Over the years, we have seen remarkable growth of cellular communication over radio. With ever increasing subscriber base and limited radio resource, providing quality telecom services became difficult.
These issues led mobile service providers to research into technologies and improve the quality of service and be able to support more users in their systems. Therefore Cellular communication has been continuously evolving into newer forms.
Here’s a brief look into its journey from 1G to LTE. North American Cellular. Developed in the 1970’s, deployed in the early 1980’s. Initially operated in 800 MHz frequency range, then in 1900 MHz range GSM (2G). Newer than North American Cellular. All Digital Standard recommended by ETSI for Europe.
Adapted in other countries. Operates in 900 MHz range GPRS (2.5G). Is a packet based data service for mobile phones.
56-114 kbps UMTS (3G). 3GPP standards. Data rates starts from 384 kbps and runs into Mbps based on the technology LTE (4G). Based on an all-IP packet switched network. Peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbps.